Human Rabies Immunoglobulin

Human Rabies Immunoglobulin (HRIG) is a biological product derived from the blood plasma of individuals who have been vaccinated against rabies. It contains high levels of rabies-specific antibodies, which provide immediate but temporary protection against the rabies virus. HRIG is used as part of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in individuals who have been bitten or scratched by an animal suspected of having rabies.

When a person is potentially exposed to the rabies virus, the immune system needs time to produce its own antibodies in response to the rabies vaccine. However, since rabies is a fast-acting virus that can quickly spread from the site of the wound to the central nervous system, immediate protection is necessary to prevent the virus from causing the disease.

HRIG is administered as a single dose, usually in combination with the rabies vaccine, at the beginning of PEP. The injection is given around the wound and at other infiltration sites, if applicable, to provide passive immunity against the virus. Passive immunity means that the person receives ready-made antibodies to fight the virus, rather than waiting for their immune system to produce its own.

The combination of HRIG and the rabies vaccine significantly improves the effectiveness of PEP, reducing the risk of the rabies virus spreading to the central nervous system and causing the disease. It is important to administer HRIG and initiate the rabies vaccination series as soon as possible after potential exposure to rabies for optimal protection.

It's crucial to note that HRIG availability and administration may vary depending on the country and healthcare facilities. In some regions, HRIG might not be accessible, and the vaccination series alone may be used for post-exposure prophylaxis. Regardless, immediate medical attention is critical after an animal bite or scratch to assess the risk of rabies exposure and determine the appropriate course of action.